🍁 Canada Energy Profile ~60% Hydro — World's Largest Producer Ontario Nuclear Fleet — Bruce + Darlington Alberta Oil Sands — 5M bpd — 3rd Largest Reserves

Canada generates ~680 TWh/yr of electricity — roughly 60% from hydropower, making it the world's third-largest hydro producer after China and Brazil. Canada's clean electricity share (~80% hydro + nuclear + wind/solar) is among the highest of any G7 nation — but this reflects geography (abundant rivers) as much as deliberate policy. The story is profoundly regional: Quebec and British Columbia have near-100% hydro grids (effectively zero-carbon); Ontario runs on nuclear (~60%) + hydro + gas; Alberta and Saskatchewan are fossil-fuel dominated (coal + gas). Canada simultaneously exports clean electricity to the US (particularly New England and New York from Quebec) while running the world's third-largest oil and gas industry. Alberta's oil sands produce 5 million barrels/day — more than Iraq or Iran — and represent one of the highest per-barrel carbon intensity oil resources globally (~80 kgCO₂/bbl vs ~40 kgCO₂/bbl for conventional crude). The federal government's Clean Electricity Regulations (2023) target a 100% non-emitting national grid by 2035 — requiring Alberta and Saskatchewan to decarbonise their grids within 11 years. LNG Canada (Shell led, 14 mtpa Phase 1) at Kitimat BC is the first major Canadian LNG export terminal — first cargo expected 2025 — opening Canadian gas to Asian markets for the first time.